Callitris is a genus of coniferous trees native to Australia and New Caledonia, commonly known as Australian Cypress or Cypress Pine.
It is one of Australia's most commercially important native timber species, primarily for its unique properties, particularly its natural resistance to termites (white ants).
Here is a summary of the key information about Callitris timber:
1. Termite Resistance
- Highly Resistant: The heartwood of most commercial Callitris species, such as White Cypress Pine (Callitris glaucophylla), is classified as highly resistant to subterranean termites.
- Mechanism: This resistance is due to the presence of natural oils and resins (extractives) in the heartwood, which act as a repellent or toxin to the termites.
- Durability: This natural resistance means the heartwood generally does not require chemical treatment for termite protection, making it a popular choice for building applications.
2. Timber Properties
- Classification: Despite the common name "Cypress Pine," it is a softwood (conifer), but its wood density is exceptionally high for a softwood, rivaling many hardwoods.
- Appearance:
- Heartwood: Varies from light yellow-brown to darker reddish-brown or streaky gold/brown.
- Sapwood: Creamy white.
- Features: It is characterized by small, tight, dark knots, which are often considered a decorative feature.
- Texture and Grain: Fine, even texture with a generally straight grain.
- Aroma: It has a distinctive, characteristic, and resinous scent (similar to camphor or pine).
- Durability: The heartwood is highly durable for above-ground use (Class 1) and moderately durable for in-ground use (Class 2).
3. Common Uses
Due to its durability, hardness, and natural termite resistance, Callitris timber is widely used for:
- Structural: House framing (in appropriate regions), flooring, and interior lining.
- External: Fencing posts, poles, and weatherboards.
- Decorative: Interior joinery, cabinets, and furniture.